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Passive Voice
Applications & Structures
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Applications of Passive Voice
EngFinite Learning — Grammar Series
Voice কি?
ইংরেজিতে সব বাক্যেই Active Voice নাহলে Passive Voice এ থাকে।
Voice হচ্ছে Verb এর একটি রূপ (Form), যা দেখায় যে, Subject নিজে কাজ (Verb) করতেছে নাকি কাজটি Subject এর উপর করা হচ্ছে।
এই কারনেই Voice হচ্ছে ২ প্রকার:
1. Active Voice 🎯
Subject নিজে কাজ করে বা নিজে Verb টি Perform করে।
Donald Trump is inviting Putin to the party.
ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প পুতিনকে পার্টিতে আমন্ত্রন করছে।
👆 Trump (Subject) নিজে কাজটি করছে
2. Passive Voice 🔄
Subject এর উপর কাজ করা হয়।
Donald Trump is being invited by Putin.
ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে পুতিন দ্বারা আমন্ত্রন জানানো হচ্ছে।
👆 Trump (Subject) এর উপর কাজ করা হচ্ছে
😄
Active vs Passive — মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়!
Active = তুমি কাজ করছ 💪 | Passive = তোমার উপর কাজ করা হচ্ছে 😴
কখন Passive Voice ব্যবহার করবে?
Passive voice নিয়ে প্রায়ই students-দের বলা হয় যে sentence clear, direct, এবং concise রাখার জন্য passive voice avoid করাই ভালো। কিন্তু অনেক situation আছে যেখানে আমাদের passive voice ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Situation 1
When we don't know or don't care who did the action.
গতরাতে, তার ফোনটা চুরি হয়েছে। (কে চুরি করছে জানা নেই)
Last night, his phone was stolen.
জানালাটা ভেঙে গেছে। (কে ভাংছে জানা নেই)
The window has been broken.
ইন্টারনেট বন্ধ করা হয়েছিল। (কে বন্ধ করছে জানা নেই)
The internet was shut down.
Situation 2
When it's obvious who's doing the action.
সার্জারিটা খুব ভালোভাবে সম্পন্ন করা হয়েছে। (সার্জারি অবশ্যই ডাক্তার করে)
The surgery has been completed successfully.
রাস্তায় কাজ চলছে। (রাস্তায় অবশ্যই শ্রমিকরা কাজ করে)
The road is being repaired.
প্রতি বছর ট্যাক্স তোলা হয়। (ট্যাক্স অবশ্যই সরকার তোলে)
Every year, taxes are collected.
Situation 3
When the receiver/object is more important than the doer — focus on "what happened".
তাজ মহল ১৬৩২ সালে নির্মাণ হয়েছিল। (কে তৈরি করেছে important না)
The Taj Mahal was built in 1632.
৫০ জন ছাত্রের কাছ থেকে sample নেওয়া হয়েছে। (কে sample নিয়েছে important না)
The samples have been collected from 50 students.
Situation 4
When we talk about something general, not specific people.
অনেক দেশে ইংরেজি বলা হয়।
English is spoken in many countries.
চা সিলেটে চাষ করা হয়।
Tea is grown in Sylhet.
ইন্টারনেট সারা বিশ্ব জুড়ে ব্যবহার করা হচ্ছে।
Internet is being used worldwide.
Situation 5
When we want to give rules or orders in a formal tone.
এখানে গাড়ী প্রবেশ নিষেধ।
Vehicles are not allowed.
রাত ১০টার পর অতিথি প্রবেশ নিষিদ্ধ।
Guests are not allowed after 10 PM.
আবেদন অবশ্যই অনলাইনে জমা দিতে হবে।
The application must be submitted online.
💡
Key Takeaway!
উপরের প্রতিটা situation-এ একটা জিনিস common — কোনো sentence-এ verb-এর doer বা কাজটা কে করেছে সেটা mention করা হয়নি। Passive voice সবসময় focus করে action এর উপর, doer এর উপর নয়।
"by" ব্যবহার করা
যদি কখনো দরকার হয় sentence-এ doer mention করার, তাহলে passive sentence-এ "by" use করতে পারো শেষে।
Donald Trump is being invited by Putin.
ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে পুতিন দ্বারা আমন্ত্রন জানানো হচ্ছে।
⚠️ কিন্তু এইভাবে লিখলে sentence-এর meaning অনেক সময় complex বা unclear শোনায়। তাই যখন doer mention করা দরকার, তখন active voice use করাই ভালো।
📊 Tense-wise Structure
Tense
Structure
Example (Bangla)
Example (English)
🕐 Present Tense
Present Indefinite
Subject + am/is/are + V3
রুমটা প্রতিদিন পরিষ্কার করা হয়।
The room is cleaned every day.
Present Continuous
Subject + am/is/are + being + V3
রুমগুলো পরিষ্কার করা হচ্ছে।
The rooms are being cleaned.
Present Perfect
Subject + have/has + been + V3
রুম পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে।
The room has been cleaned.
🕐 Past Tense
Past Indefinite
Subject + was/were + V3
গত সপ্তাহে, রুমটা পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছিল।
The room was cleaned last week.
Past Continuous
Subject + was/were + being + V3
রুমটা পরিষ্কার করা হচ্ছিল।
The room was being cleaned.
Past Perfect
Subject + had + been + V3
সে ঘুম থেকে উঠার আগে রুমটা পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছিল।
The room had been cleaned before he woke up.
🕐 Future Tense
Future Indefinite
Subject + will + be + V3
রুমটা পরিষ্কার করা হবে।
The room will be cleaned.
⚙️ Modal Construction
Modal Structure
Subject + Modal + be + V3
রুমটা পরিষ্কার করা উচিত।
The room should be cleaned.
⚠️ Perfect Continuous Tenses এ Passive Voice?
Perfect Continuous tenses এ Passive voice সাধারণত ব্যবহার করা হয় না, কারণ এটা শুনতে অনেক awkward শোনায়।
❌ AVOID:
The room has been being cleaned since morning. (awkward!)
✅ USE INSTEAD:
They have been cleaning the room since morning. (natural!)
Someone have been cleaning the room since morning.
EngFinite Learning · Grammar Series · Passive Voice
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